Somalia has approved a new constitution that could significantly change the country’s political system and how leaders are chosen. Lawmakers passed the revised constitution on 4 March during a joint session of parliament after months of debate.
The new document replaces major parts of the Provisional Constitution adopted in 2012, marking the country’s first substantial constitutional reform since the state collapsed in 1991 during the civil war.
Stricter rules for top leaders
Under the new constitution, candidates for the country’s most powerful offices — including President, Prime Minister, and the Speakers of Parliament — must meet stricter requirements.
To qualify, candidates:
- Must not be married to a foreign national
- Must not hold dual citizenship
- Must have both parents who are Somali citizens
Anyone with dual citizenship must officially renounce their foreign nationality before running. These changes aim to ensure that Somalia’s top leaders show full loyalty to the country.
Presidential term changes
The constitution also changes how long a president can serve. The presidential term has been extended from four years to five years, with a maximum of two terms allowed.
After finishing two terms, a former president will automatically become a lifetime member of the Upper House of Parliament.
Candidates for president or prime minister must also be at least 40 years old.
Changes to elections
For decades, Somalia used an indirect clan-based system, where delegates selected members of parliament, who then chose the president.
The new constitution introduces direct elections for Members of Parliament and Senators, allowing citizens to vote for them directly. However, the president will still be elected by a joint session of both houses of parliament.
New government structure
The constitution officially recognizes three levels of government:
- Federal Government
- Federal Member States
- Local Governments
Aden Mohamed Nur Madoobe, who presided over the parliamentary session, called the reform a “historic milestone.”
However, some opposition figures argue that the process was not inclusive enough.
The constitution will become law once Hassan Sheikh Mohamud signs it within 30 days and it is published in the official government gazette.
Source: TRT Africa
