A wani muhimmin ci gaba a fannin kimiyya, Indiya ta samu nasara bayan tumakin farko da aka yi wa gyaran kwayoyin halitta (gene-editing) ta cika shekara ɗaya da haihuwa, kuma masana sun tabbatar da cewa tana cikin ƙoshin lafiya.
Tumakin, wadda aka haifa a ranar 16 ga Disambar bara a yankin Kashmir da Indiya ke iko da shi, an sanya mata suna Tarmeem, ma’ana “gyara ko gyarawa” a harshen Larabci. A halin yanzu tana zaune a wani keɓaɓɓen wuri a Jami’ar Noma ta Sher-e-Kashmir da ke Srinagar, tare da ’yar uwarta tagwaye wadda ba a yi mata gyaran kwayoyin halitta ba.
Masana jami’ar sun bayyana cewa sun yi amfani da fasahar CRISPR, wata dabara ta zamani da ake amfani da ita wajen yanke ko gyara sassan kwayoyin halitta da ke haddasa rauni ko cututtuka. A cewar Dr. Suhail Magray, sun gyara wani sinadari mai suna myostatin gene, wanda ke rage girman tsoka a dabbobi.
Bayan cire ƙwayayen halitta daga tumaki masu juna biyu, an gyara su a dakin gwaje-gwaje, sannan aka mayar da su cikin wata tumaki. Bayan kwana kusan 150, aka haifi ’ya’ya. Masana sun ce gyaran ya yi nasara ne a kan Tarmeem kaɗai daga cikin jariran da aka haifa.
Dean na fannin kimiyyar dabbobi, Farfesa Riaz Shah, ya ce Tarmeem na nuna alamu na lafiya ta zahiri da ta ciki, tare da ƙarin girman tsoka da ya kai kusan kashi 10% idan aka kwatanta da ’yar uwarta. Ya ƙara da cewa ana sa ran ƙarin girman zai ƙaru yayin da take ƙara shekaru.
Masana sun ce wannan nasara na iya taimakawa wajen magance ƙarancin naman tumaki a Kashmir, inda ake cin kusan tan 60,000 a shekara amma ana samar da rabin adadin ne kawai. Shugaban jami’ar, Farfesa Nazir Ahmad Ganai, ya ce fasahar gene-editing na iya ƙara nauyin tumaki da har kashi 30%, wanda zai taimaka wajen samar da nama mai ɗorewa duk da ƙarancin fili da albarkatun ruwa.
Duk da haka, batun amincewar gwamnati kan kiwo ko cin irin waɗannan dabbobi na ci gaba da zama abin muhawara, sakamakon damuwar da ake da ita kan ɗabi’a da bambanci tsakanin gyaran kwayoyin halitta da gyaran jinsin halitta (GM).
